Rio de Janeiro

Foundation of Rio de Janeiro

In the face of tactical error and the useless sacrifice of Mem de Sá, Queen Regent Dona Catherine of Austria ordered a fleet to be assembled in Lisbon, whose command she entrusted to Estacio de Sá, granting her the rank of chief captain, invested Estácio de Sá of power to expel definitively, the French of Rio de Janeiro, and there to found, in the name of the king, a city.

In early 1564 the fleet sailed southward with the general ombudsman Braz Fragoso, and in the Holy Spirit, Estacio de Sá sought reinforcements for the expedition with elements that the flagship could dispose of, the captain supplier Belchior de Azevedo sailed there, and the on the 6th of February, 1564, the armada anchored outside the bar of the bay of Guanabara, Estácio de Sá began to make inroads of recognition of the interior of the bay, when entering the armada of Estacio de Sá sighted a French ship in the interior, which was pursued by the galleys of Paulo Dias Adorno, in which were Duarte Martins Mourão and Belchior de Azevedo and Braz Fragoso, who took it to the crown, and delivered his command to Antônio da Costa.

Estacio de Sá sent an emissary to Saint Vincent to call the nóbrega and Anchieta priests, in order to advise him on the undertaking to be made, Estácio de Sá certainly awaited the arrival of priests to settle the means of founding settlements. He had heard, however, that the thamoids were again at war against the Portuguese in St. Vincent, the chief captain decided in council, that the fleet was to prepare for St. Vincent, preceding the departure of the fleet, Guanabara, the French vessel captured under the command of Antônio da Costa and the caravelhão of Domingos Fernandes, were attacked by many Indians and French, in canoes outside the bar of the bay of Guanabara, to recover the taken nau, there was a great battle in the which came to mortally wound Domingos Fernandes. Disengaged from the violence of the attack, the navies continued their route to St. Vincent.

However, the vessel that had gone to São Vicente, in order to bring the missionaries, was approaching at that moment, from Rio de Janeiro, and anchored near the island of the French where they landed. They were surrounded. The cruelty of the Guanabar ranchers, eager for vengeance against the Portuguese, was suddenly to be sacrificed, and the ships of Estácio de Sá suddenly appeared at the entrance of the bay, returning to shelter from the impetuous winds that threatened to disrupt the fleet high sea. The chief captain met at last, with Nóbrega and Anchieta. They pondered the situation and decided that they should go to San Vicente to gather new reinforcements and provisions for the struggle, which came to pass on April 2, 1564.

Estácio de Sá spent several months in São Vicente, taking care of the necessary repairs to the ships of the armada and accumulating the resources indispensable for the conquest of Rio de Janeiro, in order to establish, there, the foundations of a settlement. Serious embarrassments arose, contrary to the intentions that animated him.

The captaincy of Saint Vincent, because of past struggles, was largely devoid of resources, both material and human; the men of the army and the companions of the captain-general sought to dissuade him from the task, as they thought it would be foolhardy to attack the thamo and French, who were heavily equipped for the resistance.

With all these setbacks, the commander's spirit was frightened and he feared the attack. In that distressing moment when the idea of conquering Rio de Janeiro seemed to vanish; He went with the chief captain and some of his commanders to Piratininga, where there was abundance of supplies, sent messengers to the major tupininquins of the sertão, asked the residents of São Vicente to support the company, sent boats to Bahia and Espírito Santo in the pursuit of food and people, encouraged the mestizo youth, promised pardon before the ombudsman, of those who had accounts to render before the ombudsman. Thus formed, soon, the favorable environment for the departure of the navy. After a period of approximately nine months in São Vicente, Estácio de Sá left in the captain's ship on January 22, 1565, to Rio de Janeiro, and on the 27th of that month, Bertioga, Father Gonçalo de Oliveira and his brother of Anchieta, with five small ships that led Mamelucos and Indians of São Vicente and Cananéa, of the Holy Spirit came the temiminós, of Piratininga joined the tupininquins and Christian disciples. They were, therefore, crowned with success, the efforts expended by Manuel de Nóbrega in those months of agitation.

A frota tinha afinal seguido para o Rio de Janeiro, e no dia 1o de Março, Estácio de Sá desembarcou com sua gente, numa praia situada entre a encosta do pão de açúcar e o morro cara de cão, e começa imediatamente a fortificação do núcleo inicial da futura cidade, e declara fundada a Cidade de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro. 

O nome de São Sebastião foi dado em homenagem ao jovem soberano de Portugal D. Sebastião, e o próprio capitão-mor Estácio de Sá quem instituiu, como armas da cidade, às três setas do martírio de São Sebastião. E a 6 de Março, quando inacabadas ainda se encontravam as primeiras trincheiras, a planejada cidade recebeu logo o batismo da luta atacada pelos índios, a 1 de Março, os inimigos tecem nova e perigosa cilada aos povoadores, distribuídos em três naús e mais de cento e trinta canoas de guerra procedentes de Cabo Frio, investiram furiosamente contra os entrincheiramentos e baluartes inclusos da povoação, após alguns dias de lutas encanirçada, Estácio de Sá, em lance de habilidade e confiança tomou a suprema decisão de passar ao contra ataque. Numa demonstração de força e de disposição para a guerra, acometeu os navios franceses ancorados na baia e atacou decididamente. Esse rasgo de audácia e de mestria militar fez com que se atenuasse, a partir daí, a pressão sobre as obras da nova cidade.

The fleet had finally gone to Rio de Janeiro, and on March 1, Estácio de Sá landed with his people on a beach between the sugar loaf and the dog-faced hill, and immediately began the fortification of the nucleus the city of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro.

The name of São Sebastião was given in honor of the young sovereign of Portugal D. Sebastião, and the very Captain-General Estácio de Sá who instituted, as city guns, the three arrows of the martyrdom of St. Sebastian. And on March 6, when the first trenches were still unfinished, the planned city soon received the baptism of the fight attacked by the Indians, on 1 March, the enemies weave new and dangerous snares to the settlers, distributed in three nauses and more one hundred and thirty canoes of war from Cabo Frio, furiously invested against the entrenchments and bastions included of the settlement, after a few days of agonized struggles, Estácio de Sá, in a bid of skill and confidence took the supreme decision of going against the attack. In a show of force and disposition for war, he attacked the French ships anchored in the bay and attacked decisively. This feature of audacity and military mastery made the pressure on the works of the new city to be attenuated.

The original inhabitants of these lands were the Indians a sub-group of Tupinambás, Tupinimós, who established contact with the Phoenicians of the court of Badezir and were "humanized" by Yetbaal and its twin brother Jetbaal, around 800a.C.

They lived in peace, until the Tamoios Indians, allies of the Arkanites, manage to kill the divine twins and expelled Tupinimós of the region. The wizard Baal-Zin (who would later become an Ekimu vampire through a ritual) staying in the temple / gateway to Hy-Brazil at Pedra da Gávea, guarding the mountain and awaiting the rebirth of the Sugar Loaf Phoenix to perform the ritual resuscitation of the divine twins.

With the discovery of Brazil by the Portuguese, the French coordinated by Nicolau Durand de Villegagnon and with the support of the Tamoios Indians, founded France Antarctica. It was aimed at exploring Brazil wood and creating a haven for persecuted Protestants in France, taking advantage of the fact that the angels at the COP did not have much influence in the New World.

The Templars were sponsored by the King of Portugal in an attempt to expel the French. The Jesuits were in charge of Christianizing the Indians who were enemies of the tithe. The largest group in number, bravery and rivalry were the Teminimós, ethnic arm of the old Tupinimós, led by Maracaguajaçu - ferocious cat. They were very superstitious and believed that as long as the Arch and Arrow of Tumé-Aranda, protector of the thamoes, shone in the skies they would be unbeatable.

The Jesuits in their catechization, in order to encourage the Teminimi to fight the Gentile thamoes, demystified the myth of the bow and arrow of Tumé-Aranda by converting the format to that of a cross, a symbol of Christos's victory over death, and stating that the victory belonged to the peoples who converted to Christianity, and that he pointed to the location of the legendary "land of the no evil".

Maraguajaçu then sends his son, the young Araribóia - snake of the storm - and his most valiant warriors to expel the French and the Tamoios from the "lands without evils".

Confederation of Tamoios was the meeting of the Indian chiefs of the region of the Coastal North of São Paulo and South of Rio de Janeiro that occurred between 1554 and 1567.

The main reason for the Confederation of Tamoios, which brought together various caciques, was the revolt before the violent action of the Portuguese against the Tupinambás Indians, causing deaths and slavery. In the language of the Tupinambá "Tamuya" means "the grandfather, the oldest, the oldest". That is why this Confederation of Chiefs was called the Confederation of the Tamuya, which the Portuguese transformed into the Confederation of Tamoios. Cunhambebe was elected chief and together with Pindobuçú, Koakira, Araraí and Aimberê decided to make wars to the Portuguese.

The problem between Tupinambás and Portuguese begins with the marriage of João Ramalho, Portuguese and right-hand man of Brás Cubas, governor of the Captaincy of São Vicente, with the daughter of Tibiriçá, head of the Guaianazes Indians. From this marriage was born an alliance between whites and Guaianazes against the other indigenous nations. When the Tupinambá nation was attacked, the village chief of Angra dos Reis, Cunhambebe, invested against Portuguese properties. Meanwhile, Brás Cubas continued to enslave Indians and imprisoned a Tupinambá chief, Kairouçu, and his son Aimberê. Kairouçu died of the ill-treatment received and Aimberê managed to organize a massive escape of the properties of Brás Cubas.

Free from captivity, Aimberê met with Pindobuçu, from the Tupinambá village of Rio de Janeiro, Cunhambebe, from the village of Angra dos Reis, Koakira, from the village of Ubatuba and Agaraí, chief of the Guainases, and also from the Goitacases and Aimorés Indians. Thus, in attack to the Portuguese, was formed the Confederation of Tamoios, headed by Cunhambebe.

At that time the French arrived in Rio de Janeiro. Villegaignon, the French chief, allied himself with the Tupinambás to secure his stay in Rio de Janeiro and offered arms to Cunhambebe to fight against the Portuguese. Another indigenous nation, Termiminó, allied itself to the Portuguese against the Tupinambás and the French, stirring up the disputes. An outbreak of disease, contracted by contact with the white, decimated hundreds of Indians, including Cunhambebe. Aimberê was chosen the new boss and the fight continued. Aimberê sought the support of Tibiriçá and, together, combined to fight against the Portuguese within three moons. The struggle between the Tupinambás and their allies against the Portuguese was thus intensified.

Ilha Grande 

After the discovery in 1502, several exploratory and adventurous expeditions were carried out along the Brazilian coast. With this, significant numbers of historical records were manuscripts and speaking specifically of Ilha Grande, we started around 1552.

Ilha Grande was part of the Tamoios nation, extending from Cabo Frio (northern coast of Rio de Janeiro) to the vicinity of Ubatuba (north coast of São Paulo), where it bordered the lands of the Guaianás-Guaranis Indians, who inhabited the south of South America.

Ilha Grande was already called by the Tamoios Indians, who in the Tupi language was Ipaum Guaçu. Ipaum means Ilha and Guaçu means Grande. This record is due to the German adventurer Hans Staden, who recorded it in the maps published in his work in 1557. Father Anchieta, the famous catechist of the Brazilian Indians, also recorded the presence of the Tamoios on the Island. According to Anchieta, they lived in villages with about six geese, totaling approximately 150 inhabitants. They were brave warriors, great archers, hunters, fishermen of the line and dive and lived differently from the other natives of the continent, besides having their language also different.